Niki Gukuramo Filime ya Plastike？

Filime ya plastike iri hose. Kuva kumuzingo usobanutse ubika ibisigisigi byawe kugeza kumifuka ikomeye itwara ibiribwa byawe hamwe nuburinzi bwibikoresho byubuvuzi, ni ibikoresho byerekana uburyo bugezweho. Ariko ni gute ikirundo cya pelletike gihinduka urupapuro rukomeza, ruto, rworoshye? Igisubizo kiri mubikorwa byo gukora byitwa plastiki ya plastike.

Iyi nzira niyo nkingi yinganda zipakira ibintu byoroshye. Ihuza ubushyuhe, umuvuduko, hamwe nubuhanga bwuzuye kugirango ushongeshe plastike mbisi hanyuma uyihindure muri firime ikoreshwa. Kubakora nubwenge bwamatsiko kimwe, gusobanukirwa iyi nzira byerekana ibintu bigoye inyuma yikintu gisa nkicyoroshye.

Gukuramo Filime ya Plastiki Niki?

Gukuramo firime ya plastike nigikorwa kinini cyo gukora aho ibikoresho bya pulasitiki mbisi bishonga bigakorwa muri firime ikomeza. Iyi firime irashobora kuba yoroheje cyane - rimwe na rimwe ikaba yoroshye kuruta umusatsi wumuntu - cyangwa ikabyimbye bihagije kugirango ikore nk'umurimo uremereye.

Inzira itangirana na plasitike mbisi, mubisanzwe muburyo bwa pellet nto cyangwa amasaro. Iyi pellet igaburirwa mumashini ikuramo, aho yashyutswe kugeza ishonge. Plastike yashongeshejwe noneho ihatirwa gupfa, itanga ishusho, mbere yo gukonjeshwa no gukomeretsa kumuzingo.

Mugihe igitekerezo cyibanze cyoroshye - gushonga, imiterere, gukonja - kurangiza bisaba ubuhanga buhanitse. Ubwoko bwimashini ikoreshwa ikoreshwa cyane cyane kubintu byifuzwa bya firime yanyuma, nkibisobanutse, imbaraga, nubushobozi bwa barrière.

Ubwoko bubiri Bwingenzi bwa Firime

Hariho uburyo bubiri bwibanze bukoreshwa munganda uyumunsi: Blown Film Extrusion na Cast Film Extrusion. Buriwese akoresha tekinike itandukanye kugirango ashushanye plastike yashonze kandi bivamo firime zifite imiterere itandukanye.

1. Gukuramo Filime

Gukuramo firime ni uburyo busanzwe bwo gukora firime zikoreshwa mu gupakira, nk'imifuka yo guhaha hamwe n'impapuro.

Muri ubu buryo, plastiki yashongeshejwe isohoka mu rupfu ruzunguruka, ikora umuyoboro. Umwuka uhita uhuhira hagati yu muyoboro, ukaguka nka ballon. Uku kwaguka kurambuye plastike muburyo bwombi no guhinduranya imashini, bigaha firime imbaraga zubukanishi. 'Igituba ' cya plastiki gikururwa hejuru, gikonjeshwa nimpeta zo mu kirere, hanyuma kigwa hasi nizunguruka mbere yo gukomereka.

Inyungu z'ingenzi:

• Gukora firime zikomeye, zikomeye.

• Nibyiza byo gukora imifuka (kuva imaze gukora umuyoboro).

• Mubisanzwe ibiciro byo gusiba.

2. Gukina Filime

Gukuramo firime bikubiyemo gukuramo plastiki yashongeshejwe binyuze mu rupfu rushyizwe hejuru. Guhura na roller ikonje bikonjesha byihuse plastiki, 'guta ' mu rupapuro ruringaniye.

Kuberako gukonja bibaho vuba, imiterere ya kristaline ya plastike itandukanye na firime yahuwe. Ibisubizo muburyo bwiza bwa optique. Filime zabakinnyi zirasobanutse kandi zifite kurangiza. Bakunze gukoreshwa mugupfunyika, gupakira ibiryo, na alubumu y'amafoto.

Inyungu z'ingenzi:

• Birasobanutse neza kandi birabagirana.

• Kugenzura neza kubyerekeranye na firime (gauge).

• Umuvuduko mwinshi wo gukora ugereranije na firime yavuzwe.

Kugereranya: Byerekanwe na Cast Film Extrusion

Ikiranga	Gukuramo Filime	Kuramo Filime
Uburyo bukonje	Gukonjesha ikirere (bubble)	Menyesha imizingo ikonje
Filime isobanutse	Hasi neza (hazier)	Birasobanutse neza (glossy)
Imbaraga	Imbaraga zikomeye	Imbaraga nkeya, byoroshye kurira
Kugenzura umubyimba	Ntibisobanutse neza	Birasobanutse neza
Imikoreshereze rusange	Imifuka y'ibiryo, firime yubuhinzi, imifuka iremereye	Kurambura, gupfunyika ibiryo, kumurika
Umuvuduko Wumusaruro	Buhoro	Byihuta

Uburyo Imashini ya Extrusion ikora: Intambwe ku yindi

Utitaye ku buryo uburyo bwavuzwe cyangwa bwataye, umutima wibikorwa ni imashini ikuramo. Gusobanukirwa ibice bigize iyi mashini bifasha gusobanura uburyo ibikoresho fatizo bihinduka mubicuruzwa byanyuma.

Intambwe ya 1: Kugaburira Hopper

Inzira itangirira kuri hopper, ikintu gisa na feri. Pelletike ya plastike (akenshi polyethylene cyangwa polypropilene) yapakiwe hano. Inyongeramusaruro, nka UV inhibitor, amabara, cyangwa anti-static agent, akenshi zivangwa na resin muriki cyiciro kugirango itange firime ibintu byihariye.

Intambwe ya 2: Gushonga muri Barrale

Imbaraga rukuruzi zigaburira pellet ziva muri hopper muri barrale ya extruder. Imbere muri barriel ni ndende, izunguruka. Mugihe umugozi uhindutse, usunika plastike imbere.

Ubuvanganzo butangwa na screw, bufatanije nubushyuhe bwo hanze kuruhande, bushonga pellet. Mugihe plastike igeze kumpera ya barriel, ni amazi adahoraho, yuzuye.

Intambwe ya 3: Gushungura

Mbere yuko plastiki yashongeshejwe yinjira mu rupfu, inyura muri ecran ya ecran. Akayunguruzo gakuraho ibintu byose byanduye cyangwa ibice bidashonga. Iyi ntambwe ningirakamaro mugukomeza ubusugire bwa firime no gukumira 'geles ' cyangwa ibibanza bidakomeye mubicuruzwa byanyuma.

Intambwe ya 4: Gushiraho Urupfu

Iki nicyiciro gikomeye cyo gushiraho.

• Kuri Blown Film: Plastike itembera mumuzingi (annular) ipfa gukora umuyoboro.

• Kuri Filime ya Cast: Plastike itembera mu igorofa (ahantu) ipfa gukora umwenda utambitse wo gushonga.

Intambwe ya 5: Gukonja no Gukomera

Plastike yashongeshejwe igomba guhita ikonjeshwa kugirango ifate imiterere.

• Filime Yerekanwe: Umuyaga ukonjesha igituba uko kigenda hejuru.

• Filime yo gukina: Gushonga gukubita uruziga rukonje (chill roll) rukonjesha plastike ako kanya.

Intambwe ya 6: Kuzunguruka

Iyo firime imaze gukonjeshwa no gukomera, firime inyura murukurikirane rw'ibizunguruka (nip) bikomeza impagarara. Hanyuma, firime yakomerekejwe kumurongo, ikora imizingo minini yiteguye koherezwa cyangwa gukomeza gutunganywa, nko gucapa cyangwa gukora imifuka.

Ibikoresho Bisanzwe Byakoreshejwe muri Plastike ya Firime

Ubwinshi bwa firime ya plastike iva muburyo butandukanye bwa resin iboneka. Ababikora bahitamo ibikoresho bishingiye kubikorwa bisabwa nibicuruzwa byanyuma.

Ibikoresho	Izina ryuzuye	Ibyiza	Porogaramu Rusange
LDPE	Polyethylene	Ihindagurika, ibonerana, irwanya ubushuhe	Umufuka wumugati, kugabanya gupfunyika, gukanda amacupa
LLDPE	Umurongo muto-Ubucucike Polyethylene	Imbaraga zingana cyane, zidashobora kwihanganira	Kurambura firime, imifuka iremereye cyane, firime zoroshye
HDPE	Polyethylene	Ikomeye, ikomeye, irwanya imiti	Amashashi y'ibiryo, agasanduku k'ibinyampeke, firime yo kubaka
PP	Polypropilene	Byumvikane neza, gushonga cyane, inzitizi yubushuhe	Gupakira ibiryo (udukoryo), amaboko yindabyo, imifuka yimyenda
PVC	Polyvinyl Chloride	Kuramba, birasobanutse, bifatanye neza	Gupfunyika ibiryo (firime ifata), gupakira kwa muganga

Igihe kizaza cyo gukuramo film

Uwiteka inganda zo gukuramo amashanyarazi muri iki gihe zirimo guhinduka gukomeye kuramba. Hamwe nigitutu cyisi yose kugabanya imyanda ya plastike, abayikora barashya vuba.

Turimo kubona izamuka ryabantu benshi bafatanije . Iri koranabuhanga ryoroheje rikora kugirango rihuze ibikoresho bitandukanye muri firime imwe, yoroheje. Kurugero, firime-5 irashobora gukoresha ibikoresho bikomeye kubwibanze, ibikoresho birwanya UV hanze, hamwe nibikoresho byangiza ibiryo imbere. Ibi byerekana imikorere mugihe hagabanijwe igiteranyo cya plastiki yakoreshejwe.

Byongeye kandi, imashini zo gukuramo zirimo gukoreshwa kugirango zikoreshe bioplastique hamwe n’ibikoresho bitunganyirizwa (PCR - Post-Consumer Recycled). Gutunganya ibyo bikoresho birashobora kuba ingorabahizi kuko bitwara bitandukanye na plastiki ya v irgin iyo bishonge, ariko iterambere mugushushanya imigozi no kugenzura ubushyuhe bituma firime zirambye zibaho neza kuruta mbere hose.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa

Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati yo gukuramo no guterwa inshinge?

Extrusion ikora umwirondoro uhoraho, nkumuyoboro, urupapuro, cyangwa firime. Irasunika ibintu binyuze mu rupfu, bisa no gukuramo amenyo yinyo mu muyoboro. Gutera inshinge bikubiyemo gutera plastike yashongeshejwe muburyo bufunze kugirango habeho ibice byihariye, 3D nkibicupa cyangwa ibicapo.

Ese plastiki yongeye gukoreshwa irashobora gukoreshwa mugukuramo firime?

Yego, ariko irerekana ibibazo. Plastiki yongeye gukoreshwa akenshi ifite imbaraga zo gushonga kandi irashobora kuba irimo umwanda. Imashini zigezweho zigezweho zifite ibikoresho byinshi byo kuyungurura hamwe na screw zihariye kugirango bikore neza.

Gufatanya ni iki?

Co-extrusion ni inzira aho ibikoresho bibiri cyangwa byinshi bitandukanye bya polymer bisohokera icyarimwe bigahuzwa muri firime imwe, ibice byinshi. Ibi bituma firime igira imiterere ihuriweho, nkurugero rwa bariyeri yo kurwanya ogisijeni ihujwe nigice gikomeye cyo hanze kugirango kirambe.

Kuki kugenzura ubushyuhe ari ngombwa mumashini ikuramo?

Kugenzura ubushyuhe neza ni ngombwa kuko plastiki zitandukanye zishonga kubushyuhe butandukanye. Niba ubushyuhe buri hasi cyane, plastike ntishobora gushonga burundu, biganisha kubyimba. Niba ari muremure cyane, polymer irashobora gutesha agaciro cyangwa gutwika, kwangiza imiterere yumubiri ya firime.

Gupfunyika

Gukuramo firime ya plastike nisano igoye ya chimie nubuhanga. Yaba firime ikomeye, isakaye ikoreshwa mu kohereza inganda cyangwa firime yerekana neza ikingira ibicuruzwa bishya, tekinoroji yibikoresho ni ngombwa mubuzima bwacu bwa buri munsi. Mugihe inganda zigenda zigana ibikoresho bibisi hamwe nimashini zikora neza, firime yoroheje ya plastike izakomeza gutera imbere, itanga ibisubizo byubwenge kandi birambye kubejo hazaza.

Gukuramo Filime ya Plastike

imashini ikuramo firime

imashini