Nibihe bya plastiki bikoreshwa mumashini ya Extrusion?

Gukuramo plastike nuburyo bunini bwo gukora ibintu bikora ibintu bifite umwirondoro uhamye. Harimo gushonga ibikoresho fatizo bya pulasitike no kubihatira gupfa gukora imiterere ikomeza. Ubu buhanga butandukanye bufite inshingano zo kubyara ibintu bitabarika bya buri munsi, kuva imiyoboro no kuvoma kugeza kumadirishya yameza no kumashanyarazi.

Intsinzi yumushinga uwo ariwo wose uterwa ahanini no guhitamo ibikoresho byiza. Plastiki zitandukanye zifite imiterere yihariye ituma ikoreshwa mubikorwa byihariye. Gusobanukirwa ibi bikoresho ningirakamaro kubabikora bashaka kunoza imikorere yabo no gukora ibicuruzwa byiza. Aka gatabo kazashakisha ubwoko busanzwe bwa plastiki bukoreshwa muri imashini zikuramo , ibintu byingenzi biranga, nibisanzwe bikoreshwa, harimo no gukoresha bioplastique.

Amashanyarazi asanzwe yo gukuramo

Isi ya thermoplastique ni nini, ariko abakinnyi bake b'ingenzi biganje ahantu nyaburanga. Ibi bikoresho byatoranijwe kubiranga gushonga biranga, ubushyuhe bwumuriro, nibintu bifatika byibicuruzwa byanyuma.

Polyethylene (PE)

Polyethylene ni imwe muri plastiki zikoreshwa cyane ku isi, kandi ni ikintu cy'ingenzi mu nganda ziva mu mahanga. Azwiho ubuhanga bukomeye bwo kurwanya imiti, igiciro gito, kandi cyoroshye. Hano hari amanota menshi ya PE, buri kimwe gifite imiterere itandukanye.

• Polyethylene Yinshi cyane (HDPE): HDPE irakomeye, irakomeye, kandi ifite ingaruka zikomeye no kurwanya imiti. Imbaraga zayo zituma biba byiza kubyara imiyoboro y'amazi na gaze, ibikoresho bya shimi, n'ibiti bya plastiki.

• Polyethylene nkeya (LDPE): LDPE iroroshye cyane kuruta HDPE. Ubworoherane bwayo no gusobanuka bituma iba ibikoresho byibanze bya firime ya pulasitike n’imifuka, akenshi bikozwe hifashishijwe uburyo bwo gukuramo firime.

• Umurongo muto-wuzuye wa Polyethylene (LLDPE): LLDPE itanga uburinganire hagati yimiterere ya HDPE na LDPE. Ifite imbaraga zingana kandi zirwanya gucumita neza kurusha LDPE, bigatuma ikenerwa cyane na firime zisaba cyane nko gupfunyika imifuka n'imifuka iremereye.

Polypropilene (PP)

Polypropilene nubundi buryo butandukanye kandi buzwi cyane bwa termoplastique. Ihabwa agaciro kubera imiterere yoroheje yayo, aho ishonga cyane, no kurwanya umunaniro, imiti, nubushyuhe. PP irakomeye gato kurenza polyethylene. Mugukuramo, ikoreshwa mugukora ibicuruzwa byinshi, birimo ibinyabiziga, imigozi, amatapi, gupakira, hamwe nu miyoboro ya sisitemu y'amazi ashyushye. Ubushobozi bwayo bwo kuboneza urubyaro butuma bikenerwa mubikoresho byubuvuzi nibiribwa.

Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)

Polyvinyl Chloride, cyangwa PVC, ni plastiki iramba kandi ihenze cyane ishobora gutegurwa kuba ikomeye cyangwa yoroheje.

• PVC Rigid (uPVC): PVC idafite amashanyarazi irakomeye kandi ifata imiterere yayo neza. Irakoreshwa cyane mubikorwa byubwubatsi kumurongo wamadirishya, kuruhande, imiyoboro, hamwe numuyoboro. Ibihe byiza birwanya ikirere hamwe nibisabwa bike byo kubungabunga bituma ihitamo gukundwa kubisabwa hanze.

• PVC ihindagurika: Mugushyiramo plasitike, PVC irashobora gukorwa byoroshye kandi byoroshye. Iyi fomu ikoreshwa mugukoresha insinga z'amashanyarazi, hasi, ibicuruzwa bitwikwa, hamwe no kuvura.

Polystirene (PS)

Polystirene ni plastike isobanutse, ikomeye, kandi yoroheje irahendutse cyane. Muburyo bukomeye, ikoreshwa mubicuruzwa nkibikoresho bikoreshwa, CD ya CD, hamwe n’amazu yerekana umwotsi. Iyo yaguwe hamwe na agent ikubita, iba yagutse polystirene (EPS), ikunze kwitwa Styrofoam. Ifuro ryinshi rya polystirene (XPS) rikoreshwa mukubaka imbaho ​​zokwirinda bitewe nubushyuhe bwiza cyane.

Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS)

ABS ni polymer ikomeye kandi irwanya ingaruka za polimoplastique polymer izwiho gukomera no kurangiza neza. Ihuza imbaraga za acrylonitrile na styrene hamwe nigihe kirekire cya reberi ya butadiene. Mugihe ikoreshwa cyane mugushushanya inshinge kubicuruzwa nk'amatafari ya LEGO hamwe na capita ya mudasobwa ya mudasobwa, nayo irasohoka kugirango ikore imiyoboro, abashinzwe imashini, hamwe no guhambira ku bikoresho.

Kuzamuka kwa Bioplastique muri Extrusion

Uko impungenge z’ibidukikije zigenda ziyongera, gukenera ibikoresho birambye byatumye habaho ibinyabuzima. Ibi bikoresho biva mubishobora kuvugururwa nkibigori byibigori, ibisheke, cyangwa ibirayi. Ibinyabuzima byinshi na bioplastique nabyo birashobora kwangirika cyangwa gufumbira ifumbire mvaruganda, bitanga ubundi buryo bwangiza ibidukikije kuri plastiki gakondo y’ibimera-lisansi.

Kimwe mu binyabuzima bizwi cyane bikoreshwa mu gusohora ni Acide Polylactique (PLA).

Acide Polylactique (PLA)

PLA ikomoka ku gihingwa cya ferment kama kandi ni kimwe mu binyabuzima bizwi cyane ku isoko. Nibishobora kwangirika mubihe byifumbire mvaruganda. PLA ifite imitungo isa na polystirene, isobanutse kandi yoroheje, ariko irashobora guhuzwa nibindi bikoresho kugirango yongere ubukana bwayo.

Mu rwego rwo gukuramo ibicuruzwa, PLA ikoreshwa cyane mu gupakira ibiryo, ibikoresho byo kumeza bikoreshwa, hamwe na firime ya plastike. Iterambere rya imashini yo gukuramo firime ya bioplastique imaze gutera intambwe igaragara, ituma habaho umusaruro munini wimifuka ifumbire mvaruganda na firime yubuhinzi biva mubikoresho nka PLA. Izi mashini kabuhariwe zashizweho kugirango zikemure ibintu bidasanzwe bishonga biranga bioplastique, byemeza ubuziranenge nibikorwa.

Ibindi binyabuzima

Usibye PLA, izindi bioplastique zirimo gushakisha inzira zo gukuramo. Muri byo harimo:

• Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs): Izi zikorwa na mikorobe kandi zirashobora kwangirika rwose mubidukikije bitandukanye, harimo nubutaka n’amazi yo mu nyanja.

• Kuvanga ibinyamisogwe: Ibi bihuza plastiki gakondo hamwe n’ibimera bishingiye ku bimera kugirango bigabanye ibicanwa bya fosile muri rusange kandi byongere ibinyabuzima.

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Guhitamo Plastike Yukuri Kubisabwa

Guhitamo ibikoresho bikwiye kumushinga wo gukuramo bisaba gutekereza neza kubintu byinshi:

• Ibikoresho bya mashini: Ibicuruzwa byanyuma bizakenera kuba bikomeye, byoroshye, cyangwa birwanya ingaruka?

• Ibyiza bya Thermal: Bizahura nubushyuhe bwo hejuru cyangwa buke?

• Kurwanya imiti: Ibicuruzwa bizahura nimiti, amavuta, cyangwa umusemburo?

• Kugaragara: Igicuruzwa gikeneye kuba gisobanutse, gifite amabara, cyangwa gifite ubuso bwihariye?

• Ikiguzi: Bije ni ikihe gikoresho cyibikoresho fatizo?

• Kuramba: Haba hari ibidukikije bisabwa, nka biodegradabilite cyangwa ikoreshwa ryibintu bitunganijwe neza?

Mugusuzuma ibi bipimo, abayikora barashobora guhitamo plastike yujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa nibicuruzwa mugihe bahinduye imikorere yuburyo bwo gukuramo.

Ibitekerezo byanyuma kubikoresho byo gukuramo

Urutonde rwa plastiki ikwiranye nogusohora ni rugari, rutanga ibisubizo kubintu hafi ya byose byashoboka. Kuva kumafarasi yakazi nka polyethylene na PVC byubatse ibikorwa remezo bigezweho kugeza kubikoresho bishya nka PLA bitunganyirizwa a imashini ya bioplastique yerekana imashini ikuramo , ibishoboka bigenda byiyongera. Gusobanukirwa imiterere nuburyo bukoreshwa muribi bikoresho bitandukanye nintambwe yambere iganisha ku gukora neza kandi neza. Mugihe ikoranabuhanga ritera imbere kandi birambye bikarushaho kuba ingorabahizi, isi ya plastiki yo gukuramo ibicuruzwa nta gushidikanya izakomeza gutera imbere, izana ibikoresho bishya nibishoboka bishya imbere.

imashini ikuramo firime ya bioplastique

imashini ikuramo firime

imashini