Imashini yo gukuramo plastiki ni iki?

Kuva mu miyoboro itwara amazi yacu kugeza mumifuka ifata ibiribwa byacu, plastiki nigice cyingenzi mubuzima bwa none. Ariko wigeze wibaza uburyo ibyo bintu bya buri munsi bikorwa? Igisubizo gikunze kuba mubikoresho bikomeye byinganda: imashini ikuramo plastike.

Iyi nzira ninkingi yinganda zikora plastike, ishinzwe gukora urwego runini rwimiterere ihoraho. Gusobanukirwa uburyo imashini ikuramo plastike ikora itanga ubushishozi kuburyo ibikoresho bya pulasitiki mbisi bihinduka mubicuruzwa byarangiye dukoresha burimunsi.

Aka gatabo kazasobanura uburyo bwo gukuramo plastike, burambuye ibice nyamukuru bigize imashini, kandi bigenzure uburyo butandukanye bukoreshwa. Mugihe cyanyuma, uzasobanukirwa neza nubuhanga bwingenzi bwo gukora ningaruka zabyo mugukora ibintu byose kuva mubice bigoye byinganda kugeza kubintu byoroshye, burimunsi nka firime ndende.

Inzira yo gukuramo plastike Yasobanuwe

Gukuramo plastike ninzira nini yo gukora cyane aho ibikoresho bya pulasitiki mbisi, mubisanzwe muburyo bwa pellet cyangwa granules, bishonga bigakorwa muburyo bukomeza. Bitekerezeho nko gukuramo amenyo yinyo mu muyoboro. Imashini ihatira plastiki yashongeshejwe binyuze mu rupfu rwihariye, rutanga ibicuruzwa byanyuma imiterere yihariye.

Inzira itangirana no kugaburira plastike mumashini ya mashini. Kuva aho, yinjira muri barrale ndende, ishyushye irimo umugozi uzunguruka. Mugihe umugozi uhindutse, utera plastike imbere, icyarimwe kuyishonga ikoresheje guhuza hamwe nubushyuhe bwo hanze. Iyo plastiki imaze gushongeshwa burundu no guhuriza hamwe, ihatirwa gupfa. Nyuma yo kuva mu rupfu, umwirondoro mushya wa pulasitike urakonjeshwa, mubisanzwe ukoresheje ubwogero bwamazi cyangwa uburyo bwo gukonjesha ikirere, kugirango ubukomeze muburyo bwa nyuma mbere yo gutemwa kuburebure cyangwa gukomeretsa kumutwe.

Ibyingenzi byingenzi bigize imashini ya plastike

Mugihe ibishushanyo bishobora gutandukana bitewe na progaramu yihariye, buri imashini ikuramo plastike isangira ibice bike byingenzi bikorana kugirango bihindure resin mbisi mubicuruzwa byarangiye.

Sisitemu ya Hopper na Kugaburira

Inzira itangirira kuri hopper, ikintu kinini, gifite ishusho ya feri yashizwe inyuma yimashini. Aha niho hapakirwa ibikoresho bya pulasitiki mbisi (resin). Imbaraga rukuruzi ya hopper-igaburira ibisigara mu muhogo wo kugaburira, aribyo gufungura ingunguru nkuru. Sisitemu yo kugaburira yateguwe neza itanga ibikoresho bihoraho kandi bihamye byo kugemura, ibyo bikaba ari ngombwa mu gukomeza ubwiza n’uburinganire bwibicuruzwa byanyuma.

Ingunguru hamwe

Barrale na screw numutima wimashini ikuramo plastike. Barrale nicyumba kirekire, silindrike ifite ibikoresho byo gushyushya amashanyarazi. Imbere muri barriel harimo imigozi ya Archimedean, nicyo kintu cyingenzi gishinzwe gutanga, gushonga, no gukanda plastike.

Igishushanyo mbonera ni ingenzi. Ubusanzwe igabanyijemo ibice bitatu bitandukanye:

• Agace kagaburirwamo: Iki gice gifite indege ndende (imiyoboro ihanamye ya screw) kandi yagenewe kwimura gusa pelletike ya plastike ikomeye imbere ya hopper.

• Agace k'inzibacyuho (cyangwa agace ko guhunika): Muri iyi zone, ubujyakuzimu bw'indege ya screw buragabanuka buhoro buhoro. Ibi bigabanya plastike, ikirukana umwuka wafashwe no kongera ubwumvikane buke nogosha, bifasha gushonga ibikoresho.

• Agace k'ibipimo: Igice cya nyuma gifite indege nke cyane. Intego yacyo ni uguhuza plastike yashongeshejwe, ukareba ko ifite ubushyuhe n'umuvuduko uhoraho mbere yuko ipfa.

Moteri ya Drive na Gearbox

Moteri yo gutwara itanga imbaraga zikenewe zo kuzenguruka umugozi. Kubera ko umugozi ugomba guhindukirana n'umuriro mwinshi ariko ku muvuduko ugereranije, garebox ikoreshwa mu kugabanya umuvuduko wa moteri no kongera umuriro. Sisitemu ikomeye ituma umugozi usunika kurwanya umuvuduko mwinshi wa plastiki ushonga.

Sisitemu yo gupfa no gukonjesha

Gupfa nigikoresho cyerekana plastiki yashongeshejwe. Nibikoresho byabugenewe byabugenewe cyangwa guhagarika bifunguye neza. Imiterere yiyi fungura igena umwirondoro wanyuma wibicuruzwa byakuwe hanze. Kurugero, gupfa gufungura uruziga bitanga inkoni cyangwa umuyoboro, mugihe gufungura, kwaguka gukoreshwa mugukora impapuro cyangwa plastike, nkuko bigaragara muri a imashini ikuramo firime.

Iyo plastiki imaze kuva mu rupfu, igomba gukonjeshwa vuba kugirango ishimangire imiterere yayo. Ibi mubisanzwe bikorwa mugutambutsa ibicuruzwa bivuye mu bwogero bwamazi, kubitera amazi akonje, cyangwa guhuha umwuka ukonje hejuru yacyo. Uburyo bwo gukonjesha buterwa n'ubwoko bwa plastike n'ubunini bw'umwirondoro.

Ibisanzwe Byakoreshejwe muri Plastike

Ubwinshi bwibikorwa byo gukuramo plastike bivuze ko bikoreshwa mugukora ibintu byinshi bidasanzwe byibicuruzwa mu nganda zitabarika.

Bumwe mu buryo bukoreshwa cyane ni mu gukora imiyoboro, imiyoboro, hamwe na hose yo gukoresha amazi, kuhira, n'ibikoresho by'ubuvuzi. Ubushobozi bwo gukora uburebure, burebure butuma extrusion iba nziza kubicuruzwa.

Ahandi hantu h'ingenzi ni ugukora imyirondoro yamakadiri, amakadiri yumuryango, hamwe no kuruhande rwinganda zubaka. Extrusion itanga uburyo bugoye bwambukiranya ibice bishobora gushiramo ibintu nkimiyoboro yikuramo ikirere hamwe nibintu bifitanye isano.

Mu gupakira, kurambura firime ya extruder ni ubwoko bwihariye bwimashini ikuramo firime ikora firime yoroheje, yoroheje ikoreshwa mugupfunyika pallets hamwe nibicuruzwa. Iyi firime ningirakamaro kugirango ibone ibicuruzwa mugihe cyo kohereza no kubika. Inzira yo gukuramo irashobora kubyara iyi firime mumuzingo munini hamwe nubunini n'imbaraga bihoraho.

Ibindi bicuruzwa bisanzwe bisohoka harimo:

• Gukoresha insinga z'amashanyarazi hamwe na jacketing

• Amabati ya plastike na firime kumifuka no gupakira

• Inzira ya gariyamoshi n'inzitiro z'uruzitiro

• Imodoka ya trim na kashe

• Amashusho yo gucapa 3D

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Intambwe ikurikira mu gukora plastike

Uwiteka imashini ikuramo plastike ni ibuye ryimfuruka yubutaka bugezweho. Mu gushonga no gukora ibisigazwa bya pulasitike muburyo bukomeza, bituma habaho umusaruro mwiza, mwinshi mwinshi wibicuruzwa bitabarika byingenzi mubuzima bwacu bwa buri munsi. Uhereye kuri firime yoroshye yo kurambura ibipfunyika kuri profil igoye yubaka amazu yacu, ubushobozi bwikoranabuhanga ni bunini kandi buratandukanye.

Gusobanukirwa ibice byingenzi nibikorwa ubwabyo birerekana ubuhanga bwubuhanga buhindura pellet yoroshye mubicuruzwa bikora, byarangiye. Mugihe ibikoresho siyanse nubuhanga bikomeje gutera imbere, gusaba gukuramo plastike bizakomeza kwiyongera gusa, bishimangira umwanya wacyo nkibikorwa byingenzi byo gukora mumyaka iri imbere.

Imashini yo gukuramo plastike

kurambura film extruder

imashini ikuramo firime